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Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy and physiology for reconstructive urology and pelvic surgery, grouped by the surgeon's role with the tissue: the target organs being rebuilt (urinary tract, genitalia), the surgical field worked through to reach them (the pelvic floor, its spaces, and its neurovascular contents), and the donor sites harvested to rebuild with (oral cavity, skin, lower extremity, bowel, abdominal wall).

  • Urinary TractKidney, ureter, bladder, and male/female urethra — framed around obstruction, reconstruction, continence, diversion, and exposure — plus GU embryology underlying congenital and transitional-care anatomy.
  • Genitalia & ReproductivePenis, scrotum, testis, prostate, seminal vesicle, cervix, uterus, adnexa, vagina, and female external genitalia for external reconstruction and sexual function.
  • Pelvic Floor, Spaces & NeurovascularThe pelvic surgical field: bony pelvis, perineum, anal anatomy, the retropubic and presacral spaces, and pelvic neuroanatomy and vascular anatomy — the support structures and corridors of prolapse, continence, and fistula surgery.
  • Donor & Harvest SitesTissue borrowed to reconstruct: oral cavity (buccal/lingual mucosa), skin (grafts and flaps), lower extremity (gracilis, ALT, SCIP), bowel (diversion, augmentation, substitution), and the abdominal wall.