WARWIKI Patient Handouts
Plain-language handouts to give patients before a test or procedure — free to download and print. Each is a short, printable PDF written in everyday language: what the test or procedure is, how to prepare, what happens, and what to expect afterward.
Conditions & Symptoms21
Leakage & Overactive Bladder
Conditions & Symptoms
Overactive Bladder (OAB)
Understanding sudden urges, frequent trips, night-time urination, and urge leaks — what causes OAB, how it is diagnosed, and the step-by-step treatments from lifestyle to Botox and nerve stimulation.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Stress Urinary Incontinence (Female)
Leaking with coughing, laughing, lifting, or exercise from weakened support under the urethra — the female-specific options from pelvic-floor exercises to a pessary, bulking injection, or mid-urethral sling.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Stress Urinary Incontinence (Male)
Leaking after prostate surgery or radiation from a weakened sphincter — how it usually improves over the first year, and the options (pelvic-floor exercises, male sling, ProACT adjustable balloons, artificial urinary sphincter).
Download PDF · 2 pages
Bladder Pain, Infection & Blood in Urine
Conditions & Symptoms
Interstitial Cystitis / Bladder Pain Syndrome
Ongoing bladder or pelvic pain with urgency that is not an infection — what it is, how it is diagnosed, identifying flare triggers, and the combined treatments (self-care, pelvic-floor therapy, medicines, instillations).
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
What a bladder vs. kidney infection is, how UTIs are treated, when antibiotics are (and are not) needed, and how to prevent repeats — including vaginal estrogen after menopause.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Bacteria found in the urine when you feel completely fine — why this usually should NOT be treated with antibiotics, the few exceptions (pregnancy, before some procedures), and what symptoms to watch for.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria
Tiny amounts of blood in the urine found on a test, with no symptoms — what causes it, the risk-based check (imaging and a bladder look), and what happens next. Most causes are not serious.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Prostate & Urinary Flow
Conditions & Symptoms
Nocturia
Waking at night to urinate — the three main causes (making too much urine at night, a bladder that holds less, disturbed sleep), why a bladder diary is the key first step, and how each cause is treated.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Enlarged Prostate (BPH)
A common, non-cancerous enlarged prostate that causes urine-flow and frequency symptoms — what causes it, how it is evaluated, and the treatment ladder from lifestyle to medicines to minimally invasive or surgical options.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Pelvic Floor & Prolapse
Conditions & Symptoms
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
When pelvic organs drop and cause a vaginal bulge or pressure — the types, what causes it, and the options from watchful waiting and pelvic-floor exercises to a pessary or surgery. Common and not dangerous.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Musculoskeletal Pelvic Pain
Pelvic pain coming from tight, overactive muscles and nerves rather than the bladder or organs — real and treatable even when scans are normal, with pelvic-floor physical therapy as the cornerstone.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Bowel & Anorectal
Conditions & Symptoms
Accidental Bowel Leakage (Fecal Incontinence)
Losing control of gas or stool — common and treatable. What causes it and the step-by-step options from firming the stool and biofeedback to nerve stimulation or sphincter repair.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Constipation
Why constipation matters for pelvic health (straining worsens prolapse and leakage) and how to fix it — fiber, fluids, toileting habits, gentle laxatives, and pelvic-floor therapy for outlet-type constipation.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Sexual Health & Other
Conditions & Symptoms
Female Sexual Dysfunction
Common, often treatable concerns about desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain with sex — the physical, hormonal, and emotional causes, and treatments from lubricants and vaginal estrogen to pelvic-floor therapy and counseling.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Urethral Diverticulum
A small pocket off the urethra that collects urine — the classic "3 Ds" (dribbling, burning, pain with sex) and recurrent infections, how MRI maps it, and surgical removal (diverticulectomy) when it is bothersome.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Fistulas: Genitourinary and Rectovaginal
An abnormal connection causing constant urine leakage (genitourinary) or gas/stool through the vagina (rectovaginal) — the causes, how it is found, and repair (often with a tissue flap), plus why timing matters.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Trouble getting or keeping an erection — common, highly treatable, and often an early warning sign of heart disease. The causes, the evaluation, and the treatment ladder from lifestyle and pills to devices, injections, and implants.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Peyronie's Disease
Scar tissue that bends the penis — the active vs. stable phases, how it is diagnosed, and phase-based treatment from traction and plaque injections to straightening surgery. Common, not cancer, and treatable.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Men's Genital & Reconstructive
Conditions & Symptoms
Acquired Buried Penis & Repair
When the penis becomes hidden beneath belly/scrotal skin and fat in adults — the causes (weight, scarring, lichen sclerosus, lymphedema) and the reconstructive repair (release, skin graft, fat-pad removal).
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Rectourethral Fistula (in Men)
An abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra (gas/stool in the urine), usually after prostate cancer treatment — how it is found and the staged repair (divert, then repair with a tissue flap).
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conditions & Symptoms
Pubosymphyseal Fistula
When urine erodes into the pubic bone (with bone infection), causing severe pubic pain — usually years after prostate radiation; how MRI makes the diagnosis and why treatment removes infected bone and reroutes urine.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Tests & Imaging7
Bladder & Urethra Imaging
Tests & Imaging
Retrograde Urethrogram (RUG)
An X-ray that maps the urethra using a contrast dye — what the test is, how to prepare, and what to expect during and after.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Tests & Imaging
Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
An X-ray of the bladder and urethra during filling and urinating — written to work whether or not the patient already has a catheter or suprapubic tube.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Tests & Imaging
Cystogram
An X-ray of the bladder filled with contrast dye to check that a repair has healed or to look for a leak, fistula, or reflux — written to work whether or not the patient already has a catheter or suprapubic tube.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Scope & Bladder-Function Tests
Tests & Imaging
Cystoscopy
A look inside the bladder and urethra with a thin camera — flexible (awake, in the office) or rigid (asleep, in the operating room): how to prepare and what to expect during and after.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Tests & Imaging
Urodynamics
A group of tests that measure how the bladder fills and empties using small catheters — what the test is, how to prepare, and what to expect during and after.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Tests & Imaging
Ambulatory Urodynamics (Catheter-Free)
A newer, catheter-free bladder test: a small wireless sensor records bladder pressure during normal daily activity for more lifelike readings — how it works and what to expect.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conservative & Self-Care8
Bladder & Pelvic-Floor Training
Vaginal Health & Devices
Conservative & Self-Care
Vaginal Estrogen Therapy
Low-dose, local estrogen (cream, tablet, or ring) for menopause-related dryness, painful sex, and urinary symptoms — how it works, how to use it, its safety, and why little is absorbed into the body.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conservative & Self-Care
Vaginal Pessaries
A removable vaginal device that supports prolapse (and some help stress leakage) without surgery — how it is fitted, how to care for it, and what to expect. Often a comfortable long-term option.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conservative & Self-Care
Vaginal Lubricants & Moisturizers
Hormone-free relief for vaginal dryness — the difference between lubricants (for sex) and moisturizers (used regularly), how to choose a type (water/silicone/oil-based), and how they pair with vaginal estrogen.
Download PDF · 2 pages
ED & Penile Therapies
Conservative & Self-Care
Intracavernosal Injections (ICI) for ED
A self-injected treatment for erectile dysfunction when pills do not work — how it works, the first dose set in the office, safe technique, and the urgent priapism (erection over 4 hours) warning.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conservative & Self-Care
Vacuum Erection Device (VED)
A non-drug "penis pump" that draws blood in to create an erection, held by a base ring — for ED and penile rehabilitation after prostate surgery; how to use it and the 30-minute ring rule.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Conservative & Self-Care
Penile Traction Therapy
A wearable device that gently stretches the penis over months to reduce Peyronie's curvature and help preserve length — how it works, safe use, and realistic (gradual, modest) expectations.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Medications6
Overactive Bladder Medicines
Medications
Anticholinergics (for Overactive Bladder)
Pills that calm an overactive bladder (oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, others) — how they work, how to take them, the dry-mouth/constipation effects, and the cognitive caution in older adults.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Medications
Beta-3 Agonists (for Overactive Bladder)
Newer overactive-bladder pills (mirabegron, vibegron) that relax the bladder with far less dry mouth than anticholinergics — how they work, who they suit, and the blood-pressure point with mirabegron.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Prostate & Urinary Flow Medicines
Medications
Alpha Blockers (for Prostate / Urinary Flow)
The usual first medicine for an enlarged prostate (tamsulosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, others) — fast relief of urine-flow symptoms, dizziness and retrograde-ejaculation effects, and the cataract-surgery (IFIS) warning.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Medications
5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors
Pills that gradually shrink an enlarged prostate (finasteride, dutasteride) over 3–6 months, lowering retention and surgery risk — plus the key point that they halve the PSA test and the pregnancy-handling caution.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Office Procedures5
Injections (Botox & Bulking)
Office Procedures
Bladder Botox (for Bladder Control)
Injections that relax an overactive bladder muscle to ease urgency, frequency, and urge leakage when other treatments fall short — a quick office procedure; the main trade-off is possible temporary self-catheterization.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Office Procedures
Urethral Bulking
A quick, no-incision office injection that helps the urethra seal to reduce stress urine leakage — less durable than a sling but low-risk and repeatable; how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Nerve Stimulation for OAB
Office Procedures
Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS)
A drug-free office treatment for overactive bladder using gentle nerve stimulation at the ankle — painless ~30-minute sessions, typically weekly for 12 weeks then maintenance.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Office Procedures
Sacral Neuromodulation
An implanted "bladder/bowel pacemaker" for overactive bladder, non-obstructive retention, or bowel leakage — with a test phase first so you try it before committing to the permanent implant.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Office Procedures
Implantable Tibial Nerve Stimulation (ITNS)
A small device implanted near the ankle that calms an overactive bladder — the at-home version of PTNS, with no weekly office visits. How the short outpatient implant works, the two device types (automatic vs. ankle-band powered), and what to expect.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery33
Urinary Leakage (Incontinence)
Procedures & Surgery
Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS)
An implanted device that restores bladder control after leakage (often after prostate surgery) — how it works, preparing for surgery, the ~6-week wait before activation, and the medical-alert rule for catheters.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Male Urethral Sling
A mesh sling placed under the urethra for mild-to-moderate urine leakage after prostate surgery — how it works (nothing to operate), preparing for surgery, recovery, and how it compares with the artificial sphincter.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Mid-Urethral Sling (for SUI)
The most common surgery for female stress incontinence — a mesh tape supporting the mid-urethra, quick and outpatient with nothing to operate afterward; the mesh facts and an own-tissue alternative.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
ProACT Adjustable Balloons (Male)
Two adjustable silicone balloons placed beside the urethra to reduce leakage after prostate surgery — minimally invasive, reversible, and fine-tuned in the office through a scrotal port. Best for mild-to-moderate, non-radiated stress incontinence.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
ACT Adjustable Balloons (Female)
Two adjustable silicone balloons placed beside the urethra for female stress incontinence — minimally invasive, reversible, and fine-tuned in the office through a labial port. Often considered for recurrent leakage or a weak sphincter; availability varies by country.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Prolapse Surgery
Procedures & Surgery
Colpocleisis (Vaginal Closure Surgery)
A simple, very durable prolapse repair that closes most of the vaginal canal — ideal when a low-stress fix is wanted; the key trade-off is that vaginal intercourse is no longer possible.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Sacrocolpopexy
The most durable repair for top-of-vagina prolapse — abdominal mesh anchors the vaginal top to the sacrum, usually by keyhole surgery; how it works, the mesh facts, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Vaginal Hysterectomy (for Prolapse)
Removing the uterus through the vagina (no abdominal incision) with a suspension of the vaginal top — how it works, the uterus-sparing alternative, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Vaginal Prolapse Repair Using Mesh / Graft
Reinforcing a vaginal prolapse repair with a biological graft or, selectively, mesh — with an honest account of the transvaginal-mesh safety history and the questions to ask before choosing.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Vaginal Suspension Surgery
A mesh-free lift of the top of the vagina using your own ligaments (USLS or SSLF), done through the vagina — how it works, how it compares with sacrocolpopexy, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Choices Before Prolapse Repair Surgery
The key decisions before pelvic organ prolapse surgery — repair vs. closure, vaginal vs. abdominal route, keeping the uterus, support material, and treating hidden leakage — plus questions to ask.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Pelvic Floor & Perineal Repair
Urethral Narrowing & Stricture
Procedures & Surgery
Urethroplasty (Urethral Repair)
Surgery to repair a narrowing (stricture) of the urethra — written to flex across approaches (penile, perineal, with or without a cheek graft): how it works, preparing, the catheter and healing X-ray, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Perineal Urethrostomy
A durable option when the urethra is too narrowed or damaged to repair — a new, permanent opening for urine in the perineum (you urinate sitting down): how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Optilume Drug-Coated Balloon (Urethral Stricture)
A minimally invasive, no-incision treatment for a recurring urethral narrowing — a balloon widens the scar and delivers medicine to help keep it from re-narrowing: how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Endoscopic Urethroplasty (TUITMR)
A no-incision repair of a scar at the bladder neck or after prostate surgery — the scar is opened through a scope and covered with healthy lining so it heals open: how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Prostate (BPH) Procedures
Procedures & Surgery
TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)
The long-standing standard surgery for an enlarged prostate — the obstructing inner tissue is removed through a scope (no incision); strong, durable flow improvement, with dry (retrograde) ejaculation the common after-effect.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation)
Laser removal of the entire inner prostate through a scope — works for any prostate size (including very large), with low bleeding and durable results; how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Aquablation (Waterjet Prostate Surgery)
A heat-free, ultrasound-guided waterjet that precisely removes obstructing prostate tissue through the urethra — flow results like TURP with a better chance of preserving ejaculation; how it works and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Simple Prostatectomy
Surgery for a very large enlarged prostate (BPH) — removing the bulky inner tissue through the abdomen (open or robotic); how it differs from the cancer operation, when it is used, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Kidney & Ureter Reconstruction
Procedures & Surgery
Pyeloplasty
Surgery to fix a blockage where the kidney drains into the ureter (UPJ obstruction) — usually keyhole (robotic/laparoscopic): how it works, preparing, the internal stent, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Ureteral Reconstruction
Surgery to repair a blocked or narrowed ureter — written to flex across approaches (rejoining the ends, a cheek graft, or a piece of intestine) over an internal stent: how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Urinary Diversion
Procedures & Surgery
Urinary Diversion — Comparing Your Options
A decision-aid comparing the three ways to drain urine after the bladder is removed or no longer works — bag (ileal conduit) vs. urinating through the urethra (neobladder) vs. catheterizing a stoma (Indiana pouch): how daily life differs and questions to ask.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Ileal Conduit
The simplest, most common urinary diversion — a short piece of bowel drains urine to a stoma on the belly, into a bag you empty and change: how it works, preparing, stoma marking, and daily care.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Orthotopic Neobladder
A new bladder built from bowel and connected to the urethra so you urinate the natural way (no bag) — how it works, preparing, the catheter and healing X-ray, timed voiding day and night, and possible self-catheterization.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Continent Cutaneous Diversion (Indiana Pouch)
An internal pouch from bowel with a small leak-proof opening (often the navel) that you empty with a catheter several times a day — no bag: how it works, preparing, catheterizing and flushing, and the urgent "can't catheterize" warning.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Erections & Penile Conditions
Procedures & Surgery
Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP)
An implanted device for erectile dysfunction not relieved by other treatments — how it works, preparing for surgery, what it does and does not change, and activation plus daily cycling afterward.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Malleable Penile Implant
The bendable (semi-rigid) penile implant for erectile dysfunction — how it works (bend up to use, down to conceal), preparing for surgery, what it does and does not change, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Penile Plication
Surgery to straighten the penis in Peyronie's disease by stitching the longer side — the simplest option (some shortening, lowest new-ED risk): how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Plaque Incision and Grafting
Straightening surgery for Peyronie's disease that releases the scar on the short side and patches it with a graft — preserves length for severe or complex curves (higher new-ED risk): how it works, preparing, and recovery.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Catheters & Grafts
Procedures & Surgery
Suprapubic Catheter Placement
Placing a catheter that drains the bladder through the lower belly — preparation, the procedure (local, sedation, or general anesthesia), and aftercare.
Download PDF · 2 pages
Procedures & Surgery
Buccal Mucosa (Cheek) Graft
The cheek-graft (donor-site) part of a urethral or ureteral repair — why the cheek lining is used, what happens during surgery, and how the mouth heals afterward.
Download PDF · 2 pages
